The precision medicine has the potential to transform medical interventions by

providing an effective, tailored therapeutic strategies based on the genomic,

epigenomic and proteomic profile of an individual. Furthermore, increased

utilisation of molecular stratification of patients, such as for assessing the mutations

that give rise to resistance to certain treatments and disease conditions, will provide

clear evidence for medical professionals to decide on treatment strategies for indi-

vidual patients (Vogenberg et al. 2010). Reverse translational research to precision

medicine is likely to offer improved medication selection and targeted therapy, to

reduce adverse effects, to increase patient compliance, to shift the goal of medicine

from reaction to early prevention, to improve cost-effectiveness and patient confi-

dence to approve new therapeutics during post-marketing surveillance and to alter

the perception of medicine in the healthcare system (Wan et al. 2017).

Currently, reverse translational approach has been known for employing the well-

robust steps to study the safety and efficacy parameters during clinical trials and

providing innovative medicines and treatment options. Interestingly, this setup may

result in getting the valuable extensions of biomarker used in drug discovery and

precision medicine development (Seyhan 2010).

The increasing availability of novel biomarkers, biobanks and databanks, high-

throughput methods and computational tools may prove invaluable in facilitating

drug discovery and precision medicine development through reverse translational

research (Fig. 9.2).

Molecular

Medicine

Biomarker

Biomarker

Biomarker

Precision

Personalized

Medicine

medicines

validation

authentication

development

Reverse

Translational

Research

Fig. 9.2 Golden triangle of

reverse translational research,

molecular medicine targeting

personalised and precision

medicine, wherein all

converge to form a real

discovery that could result in

providing safer, cheaper and

effective therapy

9

Biomarker-Based Drug Discovery with Reverse Translational Approach

127